"For we preach Christ crucified," the Apostle Paul wrote to the church at Corinth, "a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Gentiles." He could as well have written "We preach Christ born" or "We preach Christmas" because the birth presents no fewer problems than the death does, both to religious people–"the Jews"–and to everybody else–"the Gentiles."
Christmas is not just Mr. Pickwick dancing a reel with the old lady at Dingley Dell or Scrooge waking up the next morning a changed man. It is not just the spirit of giving abroad in the land with a white beard and reindeer. It is not just the most famous birthday of them all and not just the annual reaffirmation of Peace on Earth that it is often reduced to so that people of many faiths or no faith can exchange Christmas cards without a qualm.
On the contrary, if you do not hear in the message of Christmas something that must strike some as blasphemy and others as sheer fantasy, the chances are you have heard the message for what it is.
Emmanuel is the message in a nutshell, which is Hebrew for "God with us." Who is this God? How is He with us? That's where the problem lies.
God is "the high and lofty One who inhabits eternity," says the prophet Isaiah, and by and large, though they would use different language and symbols to express it, all the major faiths of the world would tend to agree. Judaism calls him Yahweh. Islam calls him Allah. Buddhism and Hinduism use terms like Brahman-Atman or the Void or the One.
But whatever they call Him, all of them point to the ultimate spiritual Ground of existence as transcendent and totally other. The reality of God is so radically different from anything we know as real that in the last analysis we can say nothing about Him except what He is not. Neti neti is the Upanishad's famous definition: he is not this, he is not that. "The Tao that can be expressed is not the eternal Tao" says the Tao Te Ching of Taoism.
The Old Testament says it in characteristically concrete form as a narrative. When Moses asks to see God, God answers by saying, "You cannot see my face, for man cannot see me and live." As a mark of special favor, He hides Moses in the cleft of a rock and only after He has passed by in his glory takes his hand away so that Moses can see his back.
According to the Protestant theologian Paul Tillich, you cannot even say that God exists in the same sense that you say a person exists, or a mountain or an idea. God is not a thing among other things. He does not take his place in a prior reality. He is that out of which reality itself arises, and to say that "He is" as we say that "we are" is to use language that is at best crudely metaphoric.
If all this sounds hopelessly abstruse, it nonetheless reflects the common experience of human beings as they contemplate the mystery that surrounds them. When a person looks up at the stars and ponders that which either goes on forever or ends at some unthinkably remote point beyond which there is Nothing; when we pray out of our deepest need to a God whom we can know only through faith; when we confront the enigma of our own life and the inevitability of our own death, all we can do is hold our tongues or say with Job, "Behold, I am of small account. I lay my hand on my mouth. … I have uttered what I did not understand, things too wonderful for me, which I did not know."
That is not the end of it, of course. Transcendent as God is–of another quality entirely from the world that He transcends–He nonetheless makes Himself known to the world. Many would say that He is known to it because He made it, and from their earliest beginnings, people have looked at the world of nature and claimed to see in it the marks of His handicraft.
Where nature is beautiful and beneficent, they have seen the love of God and where it is harsh and terrifying, His wrath. In the orderliness of nature they have seen God as lawgiver, and where this order is interrupted by the unforeseen and chaotic, they have seen miracle.
And the same holds true for the world of history. The prosperity of nations or individuals suggests God's favor, and disaster suggests either condemnation or warning. Even the religions of India, which see the world less as the creation of the Ultimate than as a kind of illusory reverberation of it, speak of the law of karma which as inexorably as the law of gravity rewards the good and punishes the evil.
Furthermore, though they do not see the world as a book where humankind can read of the nature and will of God but rather as an endless cycle of death and rebirth where our only hope is to escape altogether into the ineffable bliss of Nirvana, the very fact that such escape is available suggests the presence of something not entirely unlike divine intervention. Indeed, great teaching Buddhas and infinitely compassionate Bodhisattvas keep reappearing throughout the ages to show the way to Nirvana just as in the Biblically-based religions of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, God keeps sending forth prophets, saints, angels.
And in all these traditions, needless to say, God also makes Himself known through the mystics. However, religions differ in other ways, all of them produce men and women who, by turning their attention inward, encounter him at first hand.
As different from one another as Teresa of Avila, Ramakrishna, Thomas Merton, and using language that varies from the Bhagavad Gita to the journals of the Quaker George Fox, they all clearly seem to be trying to express the same ecstatic and inexpressible experience which might best be summarized as, at one and the same time, the total loss and total realization of self in merging with the ultimately Real.
Back then to the essential message of Christmas which is Emmanuel, God with us, and to the questions it raises: Who is this God and how is He with God? "The high and lofty One who inhabits eternity" is the answer to the first. The One who is with us is the One whom none can look upon because the space-and-time human mind can no more comprehend fully the spaceless, timeless Reality of the One than the eyes of the blind can comprehend light.
The One who is with us is the One who has made himself known at most only partially and dimly through the pantomime of nature and history and the eloquent but always garbled utterance of prophets, saints, and mystics.
It is the answer to the second question that seems "folly to the Gentiles" and "a stumbling block to the Jews" because the claim that Christianity makes for Christmas is that at a particular time and place God came to be with us Himself. When Quirinius was governor of Syria, in a town called Bethlehem, a child was born who, beyond the power of anyone to account for, was the high and lofty One made low and helpless.
The One who inhabits eternity comes to dwell in time. The One whom none can look upon and live is delivered in a stable under the soft, indifferent gaze of cattle. The Father of all mercies puts Himself at our mercy.
For those who believe in the transcendence and total otherness of God, it radically diminishes Him. For those who do not believe in God, it is the ultimate absurdity. For those who stand somewhere between belief and unbelief, it challenges credulity in a new way. It is not a theory that can be tested rationally because it is beyond reason and because it is not a theory, not something that theologians have thought their way to.
The claim is, instead, that it is something that has happened, and reason itself is somehow tested by it, humankind's whole view of what is possible and real. Year after year the ancient tale of what happened is told–raw, preposterous, holy–and year after year the world in some measure stops to listen.
In the winter of 1947 a great snow fell on New York City. It began slowly, undramatically, like any other snow. The flakes were fine and steady and fell straight, with no wind. Little by little the sidewalks started to whiten. Shopkeepers and doormen were out with their shovels clearing paths to the street. After a while the streets began to fill and the roofs of parked cars were covered. You could no longer tell where the curb was, and even the hydrants disappeared, the melted discs over manhole covers. The plows could not keep up with it, and traffic moved more and more slowly as the drifts piled up. Businesses closed early, and people walked home from work.
All evening it continued falling and much of the night. There were skiers on Park Avenue, children up way past their bedtime. By the next morning it was a different city. More striking than anything else about it was the silence. All traffic had stopped. Abandoned cars were buried. Nothing on wheels moved. The only sounds to be heard were church bells and voices. You listened because you could not help yourself.
"Ice splits starwise," Sir Thomas Browne wrote. A tap of the pick at the right point, and fissures shoot out in all directions, and the solid block falls in two at the star. The child is born, and history itself falls in two at the star. Whether you believe or do not believe, you date your letters and checks and income tax forms with a number representing how many years have gone by since what happened happened. The world of A.D. is one world, and the world of B.C. is another.
Whatever the mystery was that widened the gaze of Tutankhamen's golden head, it was not this mystery. Whatever secret triggered the archaic smiles of Argive marbles or made the Bodhisattvas sit bolt upright at Angkor Vat, it was not our secret. The very voices and bells of our world ring out on a different air, and if most of the time we do not listen, at Christmas it is hard not to.
Business goes on as usual only more so. Canned carols blast out over shopping center blacktops before the Thanksgiving turkey is cold on the plate. Salvation Army tambourines rattle, and street-corner Santas stamp their feet against the cold. But if you have an ear for it at all, at the heart of all the hullabaloo you hear a silence, and at the heart of the silence you hear–whatever you hear.
"The Word became flesh and dwelt among us, full of grace and truth," the prologue to the Gospel of John says. A dream as old as time of the God descending hesitates on the threshold of coming true in a way to make all other truths seem dream-like. If it is true, it is the chief of all truths. If it is not true, it is of all truths the one perhaps that people would most have be true if they could make it so.
Maybe it is that longing to have it be true that is at the bottom even of the whole vast Christmas industry–the tons of cards and presents and fancy food, the plastic figures kneeling on the floodlit lawns of poorly attended churches. The world speaks of holy things in the only language it knows, which is a worldly language.
Emmanuel. We all must decide for ourselves whether it is true. Certainly the grounds on which to dismiss it are not hard to find. Christmas is commercialism. It is a pain in the neck. It is sentimentality. It is wishful thinking. With its account of the shepherds, the star, the three wise men, it smacks of a make-believe pathetically out of place in a world of energy crisis and space exploration and economic malaise.
Yet it is never as easy to get rid of as all this makes it sound because whereas to dismiss belief in God is to dismiss only an idea, an hypothesis, for which there are many alternatives (such as belief in no god at all or in any of the lesser gods we are always creating for ourselves like Science or Morality or the inevitability of human progress), to dismiss Christmas is for most of us to dismiss part of ourselves.
For one thing it is to dismiss one of the most fragile yet enduring visions of our own childhood and of the child that continues to exist in all of us. The sense of mystery and wonderment. The sense that on this one day each year two plus two adds up not to four but to a million. The leap of the heart at waking up into a winter morning which for a while at least is as different from all other mornings as the city where the great snow fell was a different city.
"Let all mortal flesh keep silence," the old hymn goes, and there was a time for most of us when it did.
And it is to dismiss a face. Who knows what we would have seen if we had been present there in Quirinius' time. The one thing that believer and unbeliever alike can be equally sure happened is an event that changed the course of human history. And it was a profoundly human event–the birth of a human being by whose humanness we measure our own, of a human being with a face which, though none of us has ever seen it, we would all likely recognize, because for twenty centuries it has been of all faces the one that our world has been most haunted by.
More than anything else perhaps, to dismiss this particular birth as no different in kind from the birth of Socrates, say, or Moses or Gautama Buddha would be to dismiss the quality of life that it has given birth to in an astonishing variety of people over an astonishing period of time.
There have been wise ones and simple ones, sophisticated ones and crude ones, respectable ones and disreputable ones. There have been medieval peasants and 18th-century aristocrats, nineteeth-century spinsters and twentieth-century dropouts. They need not be mystics or saints or even unusually religious in any formal, institutional sense. But somewhere along the line something deep in them split starwise and they became not simply followers of Christ but bearers of His life. A birth of grace and truth took place within them scarcely less miraculous in its way than the one the Magi traveled all those miles to kneel before.
To look at the last great self-portraits of Rembrandt or to read Pascal or hear Bach's B-minor Mass is to know beyond the need for further evidence that if God is anywhere, He is with them, as He is also with the man behind the meat counter, the woman who scrubs floors at Roosevelt Memorial, the high-school math teacher who explains fractions to the bewildered child.
And the step from "God with them" to Emmanuel, "God with us," may not be as great as it seems. What keeps the wild hope of Christmas alive year after year in a world notorious for dashing all hopes is the haunting dream that the child who was born that day may yet be born again even in us and our own snowbound, snowblind longing for him.
From A Room Called Remember by Frederick Buechner. Copyright (c) 1984. Used by permission from Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., San Francisco.
